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==Economics of development==
One challenge in vaccine development is economic: many of the diseases most demanding a vaccine, including [[HIV]], [[malaria]] and [[tuberculosis]], exist principally in poor countries. Pharmaceutical firms and biotech companies have little incentive to develop vaccines for these diseases, because there is little revenue potential. Even in more affluent countries, financial returns usually minimal and the risks are great.<ref name='market_return'>{{cite news | first=Jesse L. | last=Goodman | coauthors= | title=Statement of Jesse L. Goodman, M.D., M.P.H. Director, Center for Biologics, Evaluation and Research Before the Committee on Energy and Commerce United States House of Representatives | date=2005-05-04 | publisher= | url =http://www.fda.gov/ola/2005/influenza0504.html | work = | pages = | accessdate = 2008-06-15 | language = }}</ref>

Most vaccine development to date has relied on 'push' funding by government, universities and non-profit organizations.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} Many vaccines have been highly cost effective and beneficial for public health.<ref name='market_return' /> The number of vaccines actually administered has risen dramatically in recent decades. This increase, particularly in the number of different vaccines administered to children before entry into schools may be due to government mandates and support, rather than economic incentive.{{Fact|date=June 2008}} 

Many researchers and policymakers are calling for a different approach, using 'pull' mechanisms to motivate industry. Mechanisms such as prizes, tax credits, or [[advance market commitments]] could ensure a financial return to firms that successfully developed a HIV vaccine. If the policy were well-designed, it might also ensure people have access to a vaccine if and when it is developed.{{Fact|date=June 2008}}